Heute ist der 14.03.2025
Datum: 14.03.2025 - Source 1 (https://www.morelos.gob.mx/ultimas-noticias/exhorta-salud-morelos-a-prevenir-contagios-de-tos-ferina):
- En la semana epidemiológica 9, se han reportado 14 casos de tos ferina en seis municipios de Morelos.
- Los municipios afectados son: Emiliano Zapata, Jantetelco, Ayala, Zacualpan de Amilpas, Tlaquiltenango y Temixco.
- La Secretaría de Salud de Morelos exhorta a la ciudadanía a redoblar medidas preventivas contra enfermedades respiratorias.
- Se destaca la importancia de la vacunación y medidas de higiene para prevenir la tos ferina, causada por la bacteria Bordetella pertussis.
- El secretario de Salud, Mario Ocampo Ocampo, enfatiza el uso de cubre bocas, evitar la automedicación, acudir a consulta médica y mantener una buena higiene.
- La tos ferina puede causar tos severa, fiebre y dificultades respiratorias, especialmente en niños menores de seis meses.
- Se recomienda proteger a los sectores más vulnerables de la población.
- La vacunación es la medida más efectiva para prevenir la tos ferina.
- Se insta a completar los esquemas de inmunización en niños menores de cinco años.
- La vacuna Hexavalente se aplica a los 2, 4, 6 y 18 meses; la DPT a los 4 años y a menores rezagados antes de los 7 años.
- Las vacunas están disponibles en 204 centros de salud en el estado, garantizando acceso equitativo.
- El Gobierno de Morelos trabaja para fortalecer el acceso universal a los servicios de salud.
Source 2 (https://cne.isciii.es/documents/d/cne/protocolo-de-vigilancia-de-tosferina):
Weitere Informationen finden Sie auf https://cne.isciii.es/documents/d/cne/protocolo-de-vigilancia-de-tosferina
Source 3 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8489951/):
- B. pertussis employs various strategies to evade the innate immune system, including surface modifications and biofilm formation.
- The bacterium subverts innate immune responses by inhibiting cell trafficking, suppressing phagocyte activation, triggering cell death, and blocking complement-mediated killing.
- Immune cells such as resident cells, infiltrating monocytes, and immature dendritic cells (DCs) recognize B. pertussis through TLR and NOD receptors.
- Activated immune cells release cytokines and chemokines to recruit neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, and T lymphocytes.
- Neutrophil recruitment is delayed up to 3 days post-infection due to PTX, which inhibits chemokine production.
- ACT inhibits differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, reducing their phagocytic capacity.
- B. pertussis can evade phagocytosis by utilizing non-opsonic pathways and preventing phagosome-lysosome fusion.
- The bacterium's survival is enhanced by factors like MgtC, which prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion, and ACT, which blocks phagocytic killing.
- PTX suppresses the antimicrobial activity of airway macrophages and inhibits neutrophil recruitment.
- B. pertussis induces apoptosis in phagocytes through ACT-mediated activation of caspases.
- The bacterium also evades the complement system by interacting with C1 complex and hijacking proteins like C4BP and C1INH.
- B. pertussis alters adaptive immune responses by delaying Th17 responses and suppressing IL-17 production.
- ACT disrupts T-cell activation and alters the balance between Th1 and Th17 responses.
- B. pertussis has evolved variations in virulence factors like PTX, Prn, and FHA to escape vaccine-induced immunity.
- PTX variations have been linked to increased disease severity and hospitalizations.
- Strains with ptxP3 variants produce higher levels of PTX and are associated with pertussis resurgence.
- Prn and FHA exhibit significant sequence diversification, allowing B. pertussis to evade immune responses.
- The emergence of Prn-negative strains is more frequent in vaccinated populations, suggesting a selective advantage against vaccine-induced immunity.
- Overall, B. pertussis employs multiple mechanisms to efficiently colonize the respiratory tract and evade host immune defenses.